A full-wave electromagnetic analysis of microelectromechanical switches (MEMS) in microwave and millimeter waves is presented in this paper. The fields are obtained by solving Helmholtzs equation using HFSS which uses finite element method (FEM). The switch is assumed as a two- port structure and the S- parameters are deduced from the fields. Characteristics of the switch over 1-60 GHz band, i.e. insertion loss in ON state and return loss in OFF state are obtained as 0.02-1.22 dB and 14-60 dB respectively over 1-60 GHz range. The MEMS is also considered as a capacitor and is approximated with lumped elements. Using scattering parameters and the elements of the transmission matrix, the operation of the switch is analyzed and compared with the full-wave analysis results. Finally, the S-parameters for different dimensions and frequencies are determined. These characteristics are of great importance in computer aided design (CAD) of high frequency circuits.

The reliability of a warm standby series-parallel system without adequate samples is studied based on the uncertainty theory. It is assumed that the lifetimes of system elements follow independent uncertainty distributions with uncertain parameters. Three different switch models, including absolutely reliable mode, discrete mode and continuous mode, are developed for the warm standby series-parallel system. Besides, the cold standby series-parallel system is discussed as a special case. The reliability function and mean time to failure of each developed model are analyzed. A numerical example for the system with different switches is implemented to illustrate the application and efficiency of the proposed models.

The significant impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on Greenhouse Gas emissions has caused a considerable research interest in energy management of network devices in recent years. As the amount of power consumption in routers and switches is a function of their working frequency, one approach to energy saving is to adapt working frequency of such devices dynamically and proportional to their traffic load. This paper describes this approach in Software Defined Networking (SDN) framework by proposing a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation for a network of FPGA based interconnected Openflow switches. The prerequisite information of switch power profile is obtained by running experimental tests. The proposed method is applied to an infrastructural dataset extracted from the standard SNDlib database. Simulation results show that frequency scaling technique reduces power consumption by more than 37% in comparison to other well-known power-saving approaches.

In energy supply applications for low-power sensors, there are cases where energy should be transmitted from a low-power battery to an output stage load capacitor. This paper presents an adiabatic charging circuit with a parallel switches approach that connects to a low-power battery and charges the load capacitor using a buck converter which operates in continuous conduction mode (CCM). A gate controller of parallel switches (GCPS) is used to increase the duty-cycle of the input signal of buck converter switches, which controls the inductor current and charges the load capacitor in 256 steps. The proposed parallel switches approach is used to improve the energy efficiency under different powers transmission and comprises a current sensor, comparator, R-S latch, parallel pMOS switches, and parallel nMOS switches. For high powers transfer, the large switches are paralleled with small switches and result in conduction losses reduction. Also, for low powers transfer, the total switching losses are significantly reduced by turning off the large PMOS/NMOS switches during the charging operation. The proposed circuit was designed and simulated in a 0.18μm CMOS technology. The efficiency of the proposed circuit during the capacitor charge-up cycle is more than 80% for average input powers between 0.5mW to 30mW.

In this paper first the need for a total system of emergency management is justified. Then the development of a discrete traffic simulation using paral1el computation technique is described. This model is used in a hypothetical transportation network to see the efficacy of message passing interface mechanism in parallel simulation situations. It shows how message passing interface can be implemented, and provides some results to compare the costs and advantages of different synchronization protocols, and discusses the suitability of this approach for the simulation of emergency evacuation.

Introduction Housing is one of the important parts of development in a society. This sector with its multifaceted dimensions has many effects in presenting the features of the society. Planning in this sector, on the one hand, has economic and social importance, and on the other hand, due to the employment generation of this sector and its connection with other economic sectors, it is considered a suitable tool for the realization of economic policies. At present, when the depth of the financial market is very low and it has little capacity to absorb a large amount of liquidity in the country, there are few options for keeping people’s savings. These options include bank investment deposits, stocks, currency, gold, coins, and real estate. Since housing is only one form of asset storage, the demand for housing will be affected by the demand for other markets. Fluctuations in the markets of other assets affect the housing market. In this study, an attempt has been made to determine the effect of the presence of housing and its share of investment in Iran by emphasizing the role of substitute assets such as (the gold market, exchange rate, stock price, and interest rate of bank deposits) in the period of prosperity and recession.Materials and MethodsIn terms of its nature, the current research is descriptive-analytical, and its purpose is considered applied research. In this research, the data used were collected quarterly from the central bank’s balance sheet, economic indicators, and statistics of private sector construction activities. The Delphi method was used to survey and receive the opinions of experts and specialists. In this case, 20 experts and specialists in the housing and urban planning field were selected and their opinions were asked through a virtual questionnaire about the research topics. For data analysis, a multivariate covariance test, mean-variance model, and self-explanation method with distribution intervals (ARDL) were used to analyze data covariance.FindingsBased on research findings, there is a significant relationship between housing and parallel markets. So the housing yield has the highest correlation coefficient with the exchange rate and the lowest correlation coefficient with the interest rate of bank deposits. The non-significance of the interest rate of bank deposits indicates that this asset has not been able to play an effective role in the amount of housing investment as a housing competitor. Exchange rate variables and stocks have negative returns with housing, which means that housing has a substitution relationship with these two assets in the asset portfolio. Stocks with a yield of 40.43 and a risk of 58.09 have been volatile assets in recent decades, which have gone through many ups and downs. The estimation of the short-term model shows that the coefficients of the stock price index variables have a negative and significant effect on the investment of the housing sector at the confidence level of 95 and with 2 intervals. The effect of the exchange rate is at a meaningless level with 4 positive and significant intervals. The effect of coin price on residential investment is significant at the level of 5 intervals and with a coefficient of 2.03 In the short term, the interest variable of bank deposits does not have a significant effect on residential investment, but it has a significant effect with a break. According to the long-term equilibrium relationship between research variables, the results show that the elasticity of housing investment to the exchange rate is 28. The elasticity of housing investment to the stock price index is 0.21 The indices of coin price and interest rate of bank deposits affect residential investment with coefficients of 0.11 and 0.9, respectively.ConclusionThe results of the research show that people with low income levels and risk aversion allocate more of their investments to bank deposits. The analysis of the results shows that the yield of the stock market is higher than other markets, but the risk of this type of asset is also higher than other assets. That is, housing has a substitution relationship with stocks in the portfolio of assets in two investment periods. During the housing recession season, people tend to invest in the stock market, and during the stock market decline, investments tend toward housing. On the other hand, with the prosperity of the housing market, the capital motivation of the housing market also increases and the funds are attracted to this market, which shows the positive and significant relationship between the exchange rate variable and residential investment. The non-significance of coin price in long-term and short-term patterns indicates that coin has not been a significant competitor for housing during the last decade due to price stability and low profitability, and its increase or decrease has not had a significant impact on housing investment. Due to their almost constant rate, long-term bank deposits have not been able to play a significant role as a housing competitor in housing investment fluctuations. The coefficient of the exchange rate has also been significant and has a positive sign in all the fulfilled models, although in the short term, this result may be defensible due to the existence of speculative motives, but in the long term based on the asset portfolio theory and considering the relationship between housing and currency substitution, the economic justification of this relationship is difficult.

Education is a continually developing activity, it shapes the way an individual develops their attitudes, thoughts and behavior. Education is not just about being literate but it is an overall development of the person in every aspect of their lives. A society's educational system can be greatly linked to its culture as the culture that one is in have an affect on the type of curriculum the institutions will develop in order to cater to every individual of that particular culture. Education moulds and shapes a society and it is influenced by the culture of the particular country or society. The educational system acts as a point of reference for the society's needs and demands. The principles that dominate this article is culture and education are interrelated and interconnected. Every educational paradigm is influenced by the culture of the society in which it operates. This essay underlines the extensive connection between culture and education. As a result, the goal of this essay is to depict these features from a Philosophical-Psychological approach.

Word choice and word order problems are considered as fundamental barriers in statistical machine translation (SMT). These barriers are more pronounced in deficiencies of training corpus. Phrase-Based SMT has advantages in word choice and local word ordering process; so phrase alignment is effective in improving translation quality. In this paper, an approach for automatic alignment is proposed in which boosts up the machine translation quality. Since, alignment problem is more problematic with lack of training data, so we make corpus of phrase alignment with high precision. For this purpose, a novel phrase alignment approach in a bootstrapping manner is proposed. By bootstrapping on alignment model via using a number of features, the accuracy of the phrase table is improved iteratively. These features are based on the phrase table extracted from Moses, IBM Model 3 alignment probabilities, Google translator and fertility of candidates. Our experiments on English-Persian translation show an improvement about 4.17 BLEU points over the PB-SMT as baseline system.